TECHNOLOGY ASSISTED ASSESSMENT

Technology-assisted assessment(TAA)

v  What is TAA

Modern technology offers a wide variety of new tools that can be used in the classroom.  Technology can help teachers to track and assess their students as well as their own performance in classroom and also help to keep digital records of human growth and development. Using technology in the assessment process is called as technology-assisted assessment.

v  CHARACTERISTICS OF TAA

·         Questions have pre-determined answers

·         No subjectivity

·         Objective type questions, matching pairs, hot spots, text inputs can provide to students.

Validity

The test can examine

·         Recall

·         Comprehension

·         Application

Cannot examine

·         Writing or manipulating skill

·         Creative and synthesis skill

Reliability

·         Less luck involved: a large number of shorter questions is using to assess.

·         Consistency in marking: due to automation

·         Tests may be improved: questions are reusable, computerized analysis of result can be used to identify poor questions.

Accuracy

·         The result of the test to representing student’s knowledge of understanding

v Uses of TAA

Ø  Summative assessment:

Its aim to measure a student’s knowledge and understanding of a course

Accuracy and reliability is important

The teacher should make a manual test for students (floppy disc)

May not be able to test all learning objectives

Supervise students but not necessarily simultaneously

Ø  Formative assessment

Assessing students during a course

Accuracy and reliability may not be important

A large number of short tests

Good management system s required

Ø  Continuous assessment

Accurate measurement of progress

Reliable and accurate test required

Secure supervised test

Not necessarily simultaneous

Good scheduling software required

Automatic analysis software required

Make test available on network with restricted access privileges

Ø  Self-testing

Tests that students can take at any time

Accuracy and reliability are important

Could be made available on network

A large bank of questions required

May not need to save results

Ø  Encouragement to work

Regular tests that count towards to student’s final mark

Accuracy and reliability not required

Make tests available on the network with restricted access privilege

Ø  Monitoring independent student learning

Some students may cope poorly with the responsibilities

May be used to identifying students falling behind

Accuracy and reliability are important

Security is also important

CMS is the best tool

v  Tools used in TAA

 Technology-assisted assessment tools

Fluberoo - Fluberoo allows you to create formative assessments using Google Forms.  Students go to your google form submit their answers and you receive feedback in the form of a google spreadsheet that is corrected and graded with a couple clicks. No account necessary. Fluberoo is an add on to your google form response sheet.

Socrative - Socrative is a student response system.  A great tool for exit tickets and checks for understanding.  Students need an app for IOS or Android devices.  It also can be used from a computer. The teacher needs to create an account.  Student only needs app and the teachers’ room number.  Quick and easy with options for instant feedback.

Infuse Learning - Infuse Learning is a student response system. It works very well for creating longer online assessments. The teacher needs to create an account.  No account needed for the student.  Infuse learning works on any web-enabled device.  Students only need to know the Room ID.

Google form – it is another application provided by Google to create objective type questions and quizzes. There is a facility to know the immediate result we can use form app in android phones.

ആരാണ് യഥാർത്ഥ അധ്യാപകൻ speech by sri.Gopinath Muthukad

TECHNOLOGY ASSISTED ASSESSMENT

Fluberoo - Fluberoo - Fluberoo allows you to create formative assessments using Google Forms.  Students go to your google form submit their answers and you receive feedback in the form of a google spreadsheet that is corrected and graded with a couple clicks. No account necessary. Fluberoo is an add on to your google form response sheet. 

Socrative - Socrative is a student response system.  A great tool for exit tickets and checks for understanding.  Students need an app for IOS or Android devices.  Also can be used from a computer. Teacher needs to create an account.  Student only needs app and the teachers room number.  Quick and easy with options for instant feedback.

Infuse Learning - Infuse Learning is a student response system. It works very well for creating longer online assessments. Teacher needs to create an account.  No account needed for student.  Infuse learning works on any web enabled device.  Students only need to know the Room ID.

Socrative - Socrative is a student response system.  A great tool for exit tickets and checks for understanding.  Students need an app for IOS or Android devices.  Also can be used from a computer. Teacher needs to create an account.  Student only needs app and the teachers room number.  Quick and easy with options for instant feedback.

Infuse Learning - Infuse Learning is a student response system. It works very well for creating longer online assessments. Teacher needs to create an account.  No account needed for student.  Infuse learning works on any web enabled device.  Students only need to know the Room ID.

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Other people's Children

 Lisa Delpit's novel, "Other People's Children" is an insightful read about the cultural differences that exist in our society today. For some background information, Lisa Delpit is an African American who at a young age was forced into an integrated school district. She has written "Other People's Children" to share her beliefs on racism, mistreatment, and ignorance of our culture today. The book is divided into three sections, each consuming of a plan of action to create a more culture friendly society for teachers, students, and administration. Delpit's suggestion about her non-traditional approach to teaching is extremely insightful. Delpit focuses on teaching children of color, but her strategies and advice can be used to benefit all types of students. The first section of the book, "Skills and Other Dilemmas of a Progressive Black Educator" discusses the ins and outs of our societies idea of a "language progressive" ideology. Here, and through out her entire novel, Delpit shares stories that have actually occurred in her life. For example, she talks about the idea of "black vs. standard English." Throughout her childhood, many would try and correct her grammar. This did not sit well with Delpit due to the fact that she believed she should write as she would talk. To keep from correcting her own students as she once was, she created a strategy to improve her students writing skills. She developed the idea of a "fast write" and "golden lines" which were to be done in a group process. This strategic plan helped students write freely, and focused their energy on fluency over correctness. The next section of the book is titled, "Lessons from Home and Abroad: Other Cultures and Communities," These stories piece together the importance of culture acceptance. Delpit expresses that idea that education meets its maximized success when cultures of people are integrated. We can assume that by integrating our society, all will understand different perspectives of life. Delpit shared an incredible story about the Papua New Guinea in this section. Papua New Guinea is a county of only three million citizens who actually speak 700 different languages. They had to figure out how to teach all their citizens in "Standard English." After numerous failed attempts, a new reform labeled "Vilis Tokples Pri-Skul" was created. From the ages 10 to 15 students would learn English. This allowed the English language to reform in their society, while still allowing the people of Papua New Guinea to remain true to their culture. This example helped Delpit prove that the mixture of language and culture is your key to success in education. The final section focuses completely on Delpits ideas for education reform, and goals that need to occur to provide equality for all children in the education atmosphere. Delpit goes into great detail discussing traditional style of teaching, and the negativity about teacher assessment tests. Delpit believes that teachers are overwhelmed with teacher assessment tests. However, these tests do not always determine the success of them. The tests have been consider to be the reason why their has been a significant decline in new professionals entering the teaching field. Furthermore, effects urban areas where minorities are a concern. At the end of her book, Delpit shares recommendations. Her first recommendation is to teachers and family interaction. She believes that for a teacher to be successful, they must connect with their student's families inside and outside of the classroom. This helps teacher further their understanding of each individual student. She also recommends a more diverse teaching force. If you are a teacher and have a clear understand of what's going on in your student's lives, it will be much easier for them to trust you, and you to trust them. The last suggestion is the dismissal of Eurocentric curriculum. This segregated, race particular way of teaching needs to be reformed into a way to learn and teach about people of all backgrounds. This will provide our future with a more positive understanding of the world around us, and our place in it. Delpit is successful in her attempts to inform readers about the difficulties our children face every day of their lives. Something she is a bit crucial, but her way of writing helps ones understand the importance of her beliefs. Delpits insightful stories, interviews, and beliefs create a story that gives future educators, like myself, a sense of hope to create change in the education world.

Comparison between Quantitative and Qualitative research

BASIS FOR COMPARISON	QUALITATIVE RESEARCH	QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Meaning	method of inquiry that develops understanding on human and social sciences, to find the way people think and feel.	used to generate numerical data and hard facts, by employing statistical, logical and mathematical technique.
Nature	Holistic	Particularistic
Approach	Subjective	Objective
Research type	Exploratory	Conclusive
Reasoning	Inductive	Deductive
Sampling	Purposive	Random
Data	Verbal	Measurable
Inquiry	Process-oriented	Result-oriented
Hypothesis	Generated	Tested
Elements of analysis	Words, pictures and objects	Numerical data
Objective	To explore and discover ideas  used in the ongoing processes.	To examine cause and effect relationship  between variables.
Methods	Non-structured techniques like In-depth  interviews, group discussions etc.	Structured techniques such as  surveys, questionnaires and observations.
Result	Develops initial understanding	Recommends final course of action

AUDIO NOTES ABOUT FUNCTIONS OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND SOCIOMETRY

Functions of educational research

Sociometry

MARK LIST OF STUDENTS

SOCIOMETRY

SOCIOMETRY

Moreno developed Sociometry as one of the newly developing social sciences.  He states "The chief methodological task of Sociometry has been the revision of the experimental method so that it can be applied effectively to social phenomena”

fig1.Jacob Moreno 

Sociometry is a quantitative method for measuring social relationships and is based on the fact that people make choices in interpersonal relationships.  The term Sociometry relates to its Latin etymology, socius meaning companion, and metrum meaning measure. Jacob Moreno defined Sociometry as "the inquiry into the evolution and organization of groups and the position of individuals within them." He goes on to write "As the science of group organization, it attacks the problem not from the outer structure of the group, the group surface, but from the inner structure". "Sociometric explorations reveal the hidden structures that give a group its form: the alliances, the subgroups, the hidden beliefs, the forbidden agendas, the ideological agreements, the ‘stars’ of the show."

Data collection is done by asking proper questions.  The question must indicate to the subjects the setting or scope of choice. Thus, if the setting is a classroom it is appropriate to phrase the question accordingly (“With which students in the classroom would you like to discuss this problem?”). Otherwise, the subjects might choose such persons as the teacher, friends or relatives outside the classroom, or even experts whom they do not know personally. The planned activity (in this case, a classroom discussion) should also be clearly defined so that the subjects know for what purpose the choice is made.  The patterns of expressed choices can be represented graphically in the Sociogram, which involves the use of some geometric figures to indicate each person (for example, a circle with a name in it) and connecting lines or arrows showing the direction of the choices. Although the use of Sociogram in early studies was haphazard, several empirically-based and theoretically important concepts were derived from them by Moreno and others.

Important Methods to Analyses Sociometric Data 

Sociometric Matrix

Sociogram

Sociometric Index

Sociometric Matrix. Sociometric matrix is a matrix is a rectangular array (arrangement) of numbers of other symbols, Sociometric are a square matrix and the collection of data by asking questions like with whom you want to create a group and saying them to choose any two or three of members among the group, a member selected will be 1 and others scored as 0.

By analyzing the matrix we can construct some ideas about the group

Star.  The person gets maximum number of choices

Isolate.  The person gets zero individual choices

Clique.  A group of 3 or more than 3 mutually choosing each other

Example:  Group of 5 members responds to Sociometric questions with whom would you like to work on a project, .choose any 3 individual

Choose denoted by 1 nonchoice denoted by 0

Table 1

Sociometric matrix

	A	B	C	D	E
A	0	1	0	1	1
B	0	1	0	1	1
C	0	1	1	1	0
D	0	0	1	1	1
E	1	0	0	1	1
total	01	03	02	05	04

Sociogram.  An A sociogram is the graphical representation of social links that a person has or it is the graph plots the structure of interpersonal relationship in a group situation.

Fig2.Sociogram

Isolates One of the alerts a teacher gets from this is that there are both boys and girls the isolates who no one has chosen or who have only been chosen by another isolate. While it is wise to have a certain degree of philosophical skepticism in making initial assumptions about isolates, they are a cause for concern. You want to make sure they feel connected and supported in the classroom (‘Sociometry’, n.d.).

Sociometric Index.  Sociometric choices and other relations are measured using indices

Choice states index of a person A= ∑CA/N-1.

∑CA=Sum of choices in common A

N-1 = member individual in the group.

Group cohesive index GC = (∑(MC)/n(n-1))/2

∑MC = Sum of mutual choices or pair.

Why Sociometry Are Valuable in Education

Research on social-emotional learning suggests that students’ ability to learn is inextricably linked to the classroom environment. In order to feel comfortable trying new things and mastering new skills, kids must first feel safe and supported. A healthy classroom environment isn’t a neat bonus for kids. It’s essential for learning to occur. In addition to observation and practical knowledge, formal data collection on classroom relationships can be instrumental in helping teachers create this positive classroom culture.  A sociogram is one tool that can help teachers get valuable data about the class’s social relationships (in 1997, Countries, Over 100, & Action, 2012).

               

Conclusion

The social side of the classroom is perhaps equally important as, and inseparable from, the academic side. The school is the sea. The students are fish. Only when the sea is healthy and at the right temperature can the fish thrive.  Sociogram won’t necessarily give the teacher the answers to classroom social problems, but they can serve as a guide and a useful tool. They can help focus our awareness on students who may not feel connected and need extra attention. It’s simply another useful tool for teachers to use as they try to set up a supportive learning environment.

Reference 

in 1997, S. S. S. supports people to create positive change-everywhere all the time F., Countries, T. O. N. H. O. in 11+, Over 100, C. P. in, & Action, I. the W. P. R. for P. E. I. into. (2012, May8)
Sociograms—Mapping the Emotional Dynamics of a Classroom • Six Seconds. Retrieved 20 August 2019, 
from Six Seconds website: https://www.6seconds.org/2012/05/08/sociograms-mapping-the-emotional-dynamics-of-a-classroom/

Sociometry. (2019). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sociometry&oldid=907640032

Sociometry. (n.d.). Retrieved 20 August 2019, from https://www.slideshare.net/FIROZQURESHI/sociometry-57965435

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sociometry from SYAMA BALACHANDRAN